be applied improving climate prediction capability. Therefore, Indonesia also developing Climate Prediction Models based on Global Circulation Model. The result of the research activities carried out by the Indonesian Scientific Communities mentioned above is going to be used for calibrating and validating the models. This program including monitoring, process understanding, model development and evaluation.
Since the most important atmospheric warming in the tropic is due to the transfer of heat and moisture from the ocean, variation in pattern of heat and moisture from the ocean could be related to directly oceanic temperature and circulation patterns. These mechanism is particularly active in the tropics Pacific. The ocean and atmospheric in this region behave on a large scale as a single coupled system. Based on the recent finding, Global circulation coupled model have been developed in different climate centers, such as Canadian climate center, UK meteorological office, NCAR, and many others. The initial science plan for TOGA assumed that variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean could be predicted without explicit reference to the rest of the world ocean. The direction of research related to climate modelling is including Indian Ocean (Barnet, 1983 and Anderson and McCreary, 1985) and monsoon system. Prospects for improving the accuracy of interannual climate prediction are likely could be enhanced by including global upper-ocean and land surface processes. The air sea exchange processes that most profoundly affect global climate on interannual time scales are centered in the Indonesian Archipelago The heat, moist and mass exchange processes are complicated in this region due the physiography of the region as a maritime continent. To Understand the Equatorial climate system, detailed studies of particular processes will be required through targeted observational campaigns, especially within this region. This campaigns include combined observational and small-scale modeling studies of the formation, dissipation, radiative, dynamical and microphysical properties of clouds, and ground-based observations.
As a contribution of the CLIVAR program, JAMSTEC plan to extend its tropical mooring system together with TAO array, to study upper ocean climate variability and the impacts of Australian Monsoon through the TRIANGLE program.
The TOGA-TAO array was designed to provide oceanographic and meteorological observation for describing, understanding, modelling, and predicting short-term climate variability. The utility of the TOGA-TAO for short term climate studies has been known and has the highest priority for its continuation in the next future. It is considered a key observational component in emerging plans for both the World Climate Research Programme's proposed study of CLIVAR. TOGA-TAO also considered to be the highest priority measurement system to support experimental ENSO prediction activities as part of the planned International Research institute for Climate Prediction (IRIP). Considering that improving climate prediction capability is within Indonesian National Interest, Indonesia is also interested in participating in the activities related to climate prediction, Indonesia.
BPP Teknologi is proposed cooperation with JAMSTEC in research program by involving Indonesian scientific community. Indonesia, through BPP Teknologi is willing to contribute the in-kind resources, and available climate related research program to be included in the cooperation proposed. For extending TOGA-TAO array, it is proposed the location of the extended buoys is at array in 1300E, 2.50N, 50N, 750N.
The scope of the proposed program might include Observation and research as follows:
・Cooperative Ocean-atmosphere research around Northern Irian Jaya Water, Halmahera water, and Indian Ocean.
